How to Deal with Criminal Cases in the UAE: Step-by-Step Guide
Criminal cases are among the most complex and sensitive legal matters within the UAE's judicial system due to the potentially life-changing consequences they carry, such as imprisonment, financial penalties, or even deportation. Therefore, dealing with such cases requires deep legal awareness and a thorough understanding of the legal procedures, from the moment a complaint is filed until the final judgment is issued.
In this article, we guide you through the basic steps of handling a criminal case in the UAE in a clear and simplified manner.
A criminal case begins when the affected party or a concerned authority files a complaint with the police. This report can be submitted in person, or through smart apps and online platforms available in some Emirates. Once the complaint is registered, the police begin the initial investigation, which includes listening to the statements of involved parties, collecting evidence, and summoning witnesses if needed. This stage is crucial, as it lays the foundation for the case moving forward.
After the police complete their role, the case is transferred to the Public Prosecution, which is the authority empowered to conduct the formal investigation. At this stage, the prosecution has broad powers, such as re-summoning the accused and witnesses, or issuing an order for the provisional detention of the accused if legally justified. It is strongly advised at this point to appoint a lawyer specialized in criminal law to protect the rights of the accused and to ensure all legal procedures are properly followed.
If the prosecution finds sufficient evidence for a trial, the case is referred to the competent court—either the Misdemeanor or Criminal Court, depending on the nature of the crime. Court sessions begin in the presence of a judge, where the defense arguments and evidence are presented, while the prosecution submits the charge sheet and supporting documents. This is the core phase of the case, and the final decision heavily depends on the proceedings at this stage.
After reviewing all the evidence and hearing from all parties, the court issues its verdict, which could be either acquittal or conviction, along with the applicable legal penalty (imprisonment, fine, deportation, etc.). If the ruling is not final, both the defendant and the prosecution have the right to appeal within the legally defined timeframe.
If a conviction is issued, the defendant can appeal the judgment within a period usually ranging between 15 to 30 days from the date of issuance. The case is then reviewed by the Court of Appeal, which re-examines various aspects of the case. If the judgment is issued by the Court of Appeal, it can be further challenged before the Court of Cassation—the highest judicial authority—which looks into the correctness of the legal procedures rather than the factual details of the case.
Do not sign or speak without a lawyer: It is essential not to make any statements or sign any documents without consulting a specialized lawyer, to avoid any legal mistakes that may be used against you later.
Keep all documents: Always retain copies of all documents and correspondence related to the case, as they serve as important defensive tools.
Hire a lawyer from the beginning: Having legal representation from the very start of the case helps ensure correct procedures are followed and reduces the risk of serious legal consequences.
Criminal cases in the UAE require a high level of legal awareness and close monitoring at every stage of investigation and trial. Seeking the assistance of an experienced criminal lawyer remains the best option to safeguard your rights and achieve the best possible outcome in the course of the case.
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